Iimpawu zomzimba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-calcium chloride

I-calcium chloride yityuwa eyenziwe yi-chloride ion kunye ne-calcium ions.I-Anhydrous calcium chloride ine-absorption enamandla yomswakama, isetyenziswe njenge-desiccant yezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngaphezu kothuli lwendlela, ukuphuculwa komhlaba, i-friji, i-agent yokucoca amanzi, i-agent yokunamathisela.Yinto esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-reagent yeekhemikhali, izinto ezikrwada zamayeza, izongezo zokutya, izongezo zokutya kunye nezinto ezikrwada zokwenza i-calcium yesinyithi.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-calcium chloride

I-Calcium chloride iyikristale ye-cubic engenambala, emhlophe okanye emhlophe, i-granular, ibhloko ye-honeycomb, i-spheroid, i-granular engaqhelekanga, i-powdered.Indawo yokunyibilika ngu-782°C, ukuxinana kwe-1.086 g/mL ku-20 °C, indawo yokubila yi-1600°C, ukunyibilika kwamanzi 740 g/L.Ityhefu kancinci, ayinavumba, incasa ekrakra kancinane.I-hygroscopic kakhulu kwaye i-deliqued ngokulula xa iboniswe emoyeni.
I-soluble kalula emanzini, ngelixa ikhulula ubushushu obukhulu (i-calcium chloride dissolution enthalpy ye -176.2cal / g), isisombululo sayo esinamanzi sincinci.Inyibilika kwi-alcohol, i-acetone, i-acetic acid.Ukuphendula nge-ammonia okanye i-ethanol, i-CaCl2 · 8NH3 kunye ne-CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH ii-complexes zenziwe, ngokulandelanayo.Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, isisombululo sicwebezelisa kwaye sinciphe njengehexahydrate, ethi inyibilikiswe ngokuthe ngcembe kumanzi ayo ayikristale xa ishushubezekile ukuya kuma-30 ° C, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ilahlekelwa ngamanzi xa ishushu ukuya kuma-200 ° C, kwaye iba yi-dihydrate xa ishushu kwi-260 ° C. , ethi ibe yi-white porous anhydrous calcium chloride.

Anhydrous calcium chloride

I-1, iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali: ikristale ye-cubic engenambala, ibhloko emhlophe okanye emhlophe emhlophe okanye i-granular solid.Uxinzelelo olunxulumene ne-2.15, indawo yokunyibilika yi-782 ℃, indawo yokubilisa ingaphezulu kwe-1600 ℃, i-hygrhygability yomelele kakhulu, ilula ukuyicoca, kulula ukuyinyibilika emanzini, ngelixa ikhupha ubushushu obuninzi, obungenavumba, incasa ekrakra kancinci, isisombululo esinamanzi sincinci, sinyibilika etywaleni, iviniga ye-acrylic, i-acetic acid.

I-2, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso: Yi-arhente yokumanzisa kwimveliso yemibala ye-pigments yechibi.Ukuveliswa kwe-nitrogen, igesi ye-acetylene, i-hydrogen chloride, i-oksijini kunye nenye i-desiccant yegesi.Utywala, i-ethers, i-esters kunye ne-acrylic resins zisetyenziselwa i-dehydrating agents, kwaye izisombululo zabo ezinamanzi zibalulekile kwiifriji kunye nefriji.Iyakwazi ukukhawulezisa ukuqina kwekhonkrithi, ikhulise ukuxhathisa okubandayo kodaka lwesamente, kwaye iyi-agent egqwesileyo ye-antifreeze.Isetyenziswe njenge-agent ekhuselayo ye-aluminium magnesium metallurgy, i-agent yokucoca.

I-Flake calcium chloride

I-1, iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali: i-crystal engenambala, le mveliso imhlophe, i-crystal emhlophe.Incasa ekrakra, ubuqhophololo obunamandla.
Ubuninzi bayo obusondelene buyi-0.835, bunyibilika ngokulula emanzini, isisombululo saso esinamanzi asithathi hlangothi okanye i-alkaline kancinane, siyagqwala, sinyibilika etywaleni kwaye asinyibiliki kwi-ether, kwaye siphelelwe ngamanzi kwi-anhydrous matter xa ishushu kwi-260℃.Ezinye iimpawu zeekhemikhali zifana ne-anhydrous calcium chloride.

2, umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa: i-flake calcium chloride esetyenziswa njengefriji;i-agent ye-antifreeze;Umkhenkce otyhidiweyo okanye ikhephu;I-Flame retardants yokugqiba kunye nokugqiba iingubo zekotoni;izigcini zokhuni;Ukuveliswa kwerabha njenge-ejenti yokusonga;Isitashi esixutyiweyo sisetyenziswa njenge-agent encamathelayo.

Ikhalsiyam chloride isisombululo samanzi

Isisombululo se-calcium chloride sineempawu ze-conductivity, indawo yokukhenkcela ephantsi kunamanzi, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ekudibaneni namanzi, kwaye inomsebenzi ongcono we-adsorption, kunye neqondo eliphantsi lokukhenkceza lingasetyenziselwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa kunye neendawo zoluntu.

Indima yesisombululo se-calcium chloride:

1. I-alkaline: I-calcium ion hydrolysis i-alkaline, kwaye i-hydrogen chloride iguquguqukayo emva kwe-chloride ion hydrolysis.
2, conduction: kukho ion kwisisombululo esinokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo.
3, indawo yokukhenkceza: indawo yokukhenkceza yecalcium chloride ingaphantsi kunamanzi.
4, indawo ebilayo: i-calcium chloride enesisombululo esinamanzi indawo yokubila iphezulu kunamanzi.
I-5, i-evaporation crystallization: i-calcium chloride yesisombululo esimanzi i-evaporation crystallization ibe kwi-atmosfera ezele yi-hydrogen chloride.

Desiccant

I-calcium chloride ingasetyenziselwa i-desiccant okanye i-dehydrating agent yeegesi kunye ne-organic liquids.Nangona kunjalo, ayinakusetyenziselwa ukomisa i-ethanol kunye ne-ammonia, kuba i-ethanol kunye ne-ammonia isabela nge-calcium chloride ukwenza i-alcohol complex CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH kunye ne-ammonia complex CaCl2 · 8NH3, ngokulandelanayo.I-Anhydrous calcium chloride ingenziwa kwakhona kwiimveliso zendlu ezisetyenziswa njenge-agent ye-hygroscopic yomoya, i-anhydrous calcium chloride njenge-arhente yokufunxa amanzi iye yavunywa yi-FDA yokugqoka uncedo lokuqala, indima yayo kukuqinisekisa ukomisa kwesilonda.
Ngenxa yokuba i-calcium chloride ingathathi hlangothi, inokomisa i-acidic okanye i-alkaline gases kunye ne-organic liquids, kodwa nakwibhubhoratri ukwenza ixabiso elincinci leegesi ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-oksijini, i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen chloride, i-sulphur dioxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen dioxide, njl. ., xa usomisa ezi gesi zivelisiweyo.I-Granular anhydrous calcium chloride idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-desiccant ukuzalisa imibhobho yokomisa, kunye ne-algae enkulu (okanye i-ash ash) eyomisiwe nge-calcium chloride ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-soda ash.Ezinye ii-dehumidifiers zasemakhaya zisebenzisa i-calcium chloride ukufunxa ukufuma emoyeni.
I-anhydrous calcium chloride isasazeke kwindlela enesanti, kwaye ipropathi yehygroscopic ye-anhydrous calcium chloride isetyenziselwa ukuthoba ukufuma emoyeni xa ukufuma komoya kusezantsi kunombethe ukugcina umphezulu wendlela umanzi, ukuze kulawulwe. uthuli endleleni.