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Urea
Yikhompawundi ephilayo eyenziwe ngekhabhoni, initrogen, ioksijini kunye nehydrogen, enye yezona zinto zilula, kwaye yeyona mveliso iphambili enenitrogen yeprotein metabolism kunye nokubola kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo kunye nentlanzi, kwaye urea yenziwa yi-ammonia kunye nekhabhoni. idioksidi kwishishini phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
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I-Ammonium Bicarbonate
I-Ammonium bicarbonate yimbumba emhlophe, i-granular, ipleyiti okanye i-columnar crystals, ivumba le-ammonia.I-Ammonium bicarbonate luhlobo lwe-carbonate, i-ammonium bicarbonate ine-ion ye-ammonium kwifomula yeekhemikhali, luhlobo lwetyuwa ye-ammonium, kunye netyuwa ye-ammonium ayinakufakwa kunye nealkali, ngoko ke i-bicarbonate ye-ammonium ayifanele idityaniswe kunye ne-sodium hydroxide okanye i-calcium hydroxide. .
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Potassium carbonate
I-inorganic substance, inyibilika njengomgubo omhlophe wekristale, onyibilikayo emanzini, ialkaline kumxube omanzi, onganyibilikiyo kwi-ethanol, i-acetone, kunye ne-ether.I-hygroscopic enamandla, evezwe emoyeni inokufunxa i-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi, kwi-bicarbonate ye-potassium.
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Potassium kloride
Ikhompawundi ye-inorganic efana netyuwa ngenkangeleko, enekristale emhlophe kunye nencasa enetyuwa eninzi, engenavumba, nengenatyhefu.Inyibilika emanzini, i-ether, i-glycerol kunye ne-alkali, i-soluble kancinane kwi-ethanol, kodwa ayinyibiliki kwi-ethanol e-anhydrous, i-hygroscopic, i-caking elula;Ukunyibilika emanzini kunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kwaye kaninzi kuphinda kuhlaziywe ngeetyuwa zesodium ukwenza iityuwa zepotassium ezintsha.
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I-Ferrous sulfate
I-Ferrous sulfate yinto engabonakaliyo, i-crystalline hydrate yi-heptahydrate kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"alum eluhlaza", ikristale eluhlaza, i-weathered emoyeni owomileyo, i-oxidation yomphezulu we-brown basic iron sulfate emoyeni ofumileyo, kwi-56.6 ℃ ukuba ibe i-tetrahydrate, kwi-65 ℃ ukuze ibe yi-monohydrate.I-Ferrous sulfate iyanyibilika emanzini kwaye phantse ayinyibiliki kwi-ethanol.Isisombululo sayo samanzi sisebenza ngokukhawuleza emoyeni xa kubanda, kwaye sikhupha ngokukhawuleza xa kushushu.Ukongeza ialkali okanye ukuvezwa ekukhanyeni kunokukhawulezisa i-oxidation yayo.Ubuninzi bobuninzi (d15) yi-1.897.
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I-ammonium chloride
Iityuwa ze-ammonium ze-hydrochloric acid, ubukhulu becala yimveliso yoshishino lwealkali.Isiqulatho se-nitrogen se-24% ~ 26%, isikwere esimhlophe okanye esimthubi kancinane okanye iikristale ezincinci ze-octahedral, umgubo kunye ne-granular iifom ezimbini zedosi, i-ammonium chloride yegranular ayikho lula ukufunxa ukufuma, kulula ukuyigcina, kunye ne-ammonium chloride engumgubo isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesiseko. isichumiso sokuvelisa isichumiso esixandileyo.Isichumisi se-asidi ye-physiological, akufanele isetyenziswe kumhlaba omuncu kunye nomhlaba we-saline-alkali ngenxa ye-chlorine eninzi, kwaye akufanele isetyenziswe njengesichumisi sembewu, isichumisi sezithole okanye isichumisi seqabunga.
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I-Magnesium Chloride
I-inorganic substance eyenziwe yi-74.54% chlorine kunye ne-25.48% ye-magnesium kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe iimolekyuli ezintandathu zamanzi e-crystalline, i-MgCl2.6H2O.Ikristale yeMonoclinic, okanye enetyuwa, inomhlwa othile.I-Magnesium oxide yenziwa xa amanzi kunye ne-hydrogen chloride ilahleka ngexesha lokufudumeza.I-soluble kancinane kwi-acetone, i-soluble emanzini, i-ethanol, i-methanol, i-pyridine.Iyatya kwaye ibangele umsi emoyeni omanzi, kwaye iyancipha xa kumhlophe kushushu kumlambo wegesi ye-hydrogen.
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4A Zeolite
Yindalo ye-alumino-silicic acid, i-ore yetyuwa ekutshisweni kwamanzi, ngenxa yamanzi angaphakathi kwekristale ikhutshelwa ngaphandle, ivelisa into efana nokubhobhoza kunye nokubilisa, okubizwa ngokuba "ilitye elibilayo" emfanekisweni, elibizwa ngokuba yi "zeolite". ”, isetyenziswe njengesincedisi se-phosphate-free detergent, endaweni ye-sodium tripolyphosphate;Kwi-petroleum nakwamanye amashishini, isetyenziselwa ukomisa, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokucocwa kweegesi kunye nolwelo, kunye ne-catalyst kunye ne-softener yamanzi.
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Icitric acid
Yi-asidi ephilayo ebalulekileyo, ikristale engenambala, ayinavumba, inencasa emuncu eyomeleleyo, inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, ikakhulu isetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya nesiselo, ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente emuncu, i-agent ye-seasoning kunye ne-preservative, i-preservative, ingasetyenziswa imichiza, imboni yezithambiso njenge-antioxidant, i-plasticizer, i-detergent, i-anhydrous citric acid ingasetyenziswa kushishino lokutya kunye nesiselo.
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I-Sodium Silicate
I-sodium silicate luhlobo lwe-silicate ye-inorganic, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pyrophorine.I-Na2O · nSiO2 eyenziwe ngokuphosa okomileyo inkulu kwaye iyabonakala, ngelixa i-Na2O · nSiO2 eyenziwe ngokucinywa kwamanzi amanzi i-granular, enokusetyenziswa kuphela xa iguqulwa ibe yi-Na2O · nSiO2 engamanzi.Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zeNa2O·nSiO2 eziqinileyo zezi: ① isambuku esiqinileyo, ② umgubo oqinileyo, ③ i-silicate yesodium ekhawulezileyo, ④ zero amanzi metasilicate yesodium, ⑤ isodiyam pentahydrate metasilicate, ⑥ sodium orthosilicate.
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I-Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
Enye yeetyuwa zesodium ye-phosphoric acid, ityuwa ye-asidi ye-inorganic, i-soluble emanzini, iphantse inganyibiliki kwi-ethanol.Isodium dihydrogen phosphate yinto ekrwada yokwenziwa kwesodium hempetaphosphate kunye nesodium pyrophosphate.Yikristale yeprismatic yeprismatic engenambala engenambala kunye noxinano oluyi-1.52g/cm².
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I-Dibasic Sodium Phosphate
Yenye yeetyuwa zesodium ye-phosphoric acid.Yimpuphu emhlophe ethambileyo, enyibilikayo emanzini, kwaye isisombululo esinamanzi sinobuthakathaka bealkaline.I-Disodium hydrogen phosphate ilula kwimozulu emoyeni, kwiqondo lobushushu elibekwe emoyeni ukuze ilahlekelwe malunga ne-5 crystal yamanzi ukwenza i-heptahydrate, ifudunyezwe kwi-100 ℃ ukuphulukana nawo onke amanzi ekristale kwi-anhydrous, ukubola kwi-sodium pyrophosphate kwi-250 ℃.
