Dioxane? Yinto nje yokucalula

Yintoni idioxane?Ivela phi?

I-Dioxane, indlela echanekileyo yokuyibhala yi-dioxane.Kuba ububi bunzima kakhulu ukuchwetheza, kweli nqaku siza kusebenzisa amagama amabi aqhelekileyo endaweni yoko.Yikhompawundi ephilayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yidioxane, 1, 4-dioxane, ulwelo olungenambala.I-Dioxane i-toxicity ebukhali yityhefu ephantsi, ine-anesthetic kunye nemiphumo evuselelayo.Ngokutsho kweKhowudi yezoBugcisa yoKhuseleko yangoku yeCosmetics e-China, i-dioxane yinxalenye engavumelekanga yezinto zokuthambisa.Ekubeni kungavumelekanga ukongeza, kutheni izinto zokuthambisa zisenayo i-dioxane yokubona?Ngenxa yezizathu ezingenakuthintelwa ngokobuchwepheshe, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-dioxane ifakwe kwizinto zokuthambisa njengokungcola.Ngoko bubuphi ukungcola kwimathiriyeli ekrwada?

Esinye sezithako zokucoca ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiishampu kunye nokuhlamba umzimba yi-sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sodium AES okanye i-SLES.Eli candelo linokwenziwa kwioli yesundu yendalo okanye i-petroleum njengezinto eziluhlaza kwii-alcohols ezinamafutha, kodwa ihlanganiswe ngoluhlu lwamanyathelo afana ne-ethoxylation, i-sulfonation, kunye ne-neutralization.Inyathelo eliphambili yi-ethoxylation, kweli nyathelo lenkqubo yokusabela, kufuneka usebenzise i-ethylene oxide ekrwada, eyi-monomer ekrwada esetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwe-chemical synthesis, kwinkqubo ye-ethoxylation reaction, ukongeza Ukongezwa kwe-ethylene oxide kwi-alcohol enamafutha ukuvelisa utywala obunamafutha e-ethoxylated, Kukwakho inxalenye encinci ye-ethylene oxide (EO) iimolekyuli ezimbini ze-condensation ukuvelisa i-by-product, oko kukuthi, utshaba lwe-dioxane, impendulo ethile ingaboniswa. kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo:

Ngokubanzi, abavelisi bezinto eziluhlaza baya kuba namanyathelo amva okuhlula kunye nokuhlambulula i-dioxane, abavelisi bezinto eziphathekayo ezahlukeneyo baya kuba nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, abavelisi bezimonyo bezizwe ngezizwe baya kulawula esi sibonakaliso, ngokubanzi malunga ne-20 ukuya kwi-40ppm.Ngokuphathelele umgangatho womxholo kwimveliso egqityiweyo (efana ne-shampoo, ukuhlamba umzimba), akukho zikhombisi zamazwe ngamazwe.Emva kwesiganeko se-shampoo ye-Bawang kwi-2011, i-China yabeka umgangatho weemveliso ezigqityiweyo ngaphantsi kwe-30ppm.

I-Dioxane ibangela umhlaza, ingaba ibangela iinkxalabo zokhuseleko?

Njengezinto ezisetyenziswayo ukususela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, i-sodium sulfate (SLES) kunye nemveliso yayo ye-dioxane ifundwe ngokubanzi.I-United States yoLawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (i-FDA) ifunde i-dioxane kwiimveliso zabathengi iminyaka engama-30, kwaye i-Health Canada iye yagqiba ekubeni ubukho bomkhondo we-dioxane kwiimveliso zokuthambisa abubeki umngcipheko wezempilo kubathengi, nkqu nabantwana (eCanada. ).Ngokutsho kwe-Australian National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, umda ofanelekileyo we-dioxane kwimpahla yabathengi yi-30ppm, kwaye umda ophezulu we-toxicologically wamkelekile yi-100ppm.E-China, emva kuka-2012, umgangatho oqingqiweyo we-30ppm womxholo we-dioxane kwizinto zokuthambisa ungaphantsi kakhulu kunomda ophezulu owamkelekileyo we-toxicologically we-100ppm phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba umda waseChina we-dioxane kwimigangatho ye-cosmetic ungaphantsi kwe-30ppm, umgangatho ophezulu kwihlabathi.Kuba eneneni, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla inemida ephezulu kumxholo we-dioxane kunomgangatho wethu okanye akukho migangatho icacileyo:

Ngapha koko, ukulandelela amanani e-dioxane nawo aqhelekile kwindalo.I-US Toxic Substances and Disease Registry idwelisa i-dioxane njengefumaneka kwinkukhu, iitumato, i-shrimp kunye nakumanzi ethu okusela.Izikhokelo zoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kuMgangatho waManzi okuSela (uhlelo lwesithathu) luchaza ukuba umda we-dioxane emanzini ngu-50 μg/L.

Ke ukushwankathela ingxaki ye-carcinogenic ye-dioxane kwisivakalisi esinye, oko kukuthi: nokuba liliphi ithamo lokuthetha ngobungozi bubugwenxa.

Ubuncinci umxholo we-dioxane, ungcono umgangatho, akunjalo?

I-Dioxane ayikuphela kwesalathisi somgangatho we-SLES.Ezinye izikhombisi ezifana nenani lee-unsulfonated compounds kunye nenani lezinto ezicaphukisayo kwimveliso nazo zibalulekile ukuba ziqwalaselwe.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-SLES nayo iza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, umahluko omkhulu yinqanaba le-ethoxylation, abanye nge-1 EO, abanye kunye no-2, 3 okanye 4 EO (ngokuqinisekileyo, iimveliso ezineendawo zedesimali ezifana ne-1.3 kunye no-2.6 nawo angaveliswa).Iqondo eliphezulu lokunyuka kwe-ethoxidation, oko kukuthi, inani eliphezulu le-EO, liphezulu umxholo we-dioxane oveliswe phantsi kwenkqubo efanayo kunye neemeko zokucoca.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba, nangona kunjalo, isizathu sokunyusa i-EO kukunciphisa i-irritant ye-SLES ye-surfactant, kwaye iphezulu inani le-EO SLES, i-sLESS iyancipha ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, oko kukuthi, i-milder, kunye ne-vice versa.Ngaphandle kwe-EO, yi-SLS, engathandwayo ngabaqulunqi, eyona nto ivuselela kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, umxholo ophantsi we-dioxane awuthethi ukuba yinto efanelekileyo ekrwada.Kuba ukuba inani le-EO lincinci, ukucaphuka kwezinto eziluhlaza kuya kuba kukhulu

Isishwankathelo:

I-Dioxane ayiyona isithako esongezwa ngamashishini, kodwa i-raw material ekufuneka ihlale kwizinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-SLES, okunzima ukuyiphepha.Akunjalo kuphela kwi-SLES, enyanisweni, nje ukuba i-ethoxylation isenziwa, kuya kubakho umkhondo we-dioxane, kwaye ezinye izinto zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba nazo zine-dioxane.Ukususela kumbono wovavanyo lomngcipheko, njengento eshiyekileyo, akukho mfuneko yokulandela umxholo we-0 ngokupheleleyo, ukuthatha iteknoloji yokufumanisa yangoku, "ayichongwanga" ayithethi ukuba umxholo ngu-0.

Ke, ukuthetha ngomonakalo ongaphaya kwethamo kukuba ngumgulukudu.Ukhuseleko lwe-dioxane luye lwafundwa iminyaka emininzi, kwaye ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho ecetyiswayo iye yasekwa, kwaye iintsalela ezingaphantsi kwe-100ppm zibhekwa njengekhuselekile.Kodwa amazwe anje ngeEuropean Union akawenzanga umgangatho osisinyanzelo.Iimfuno zasekhaya zomxholo we-dioxane kwiimveliso zingaphantsi kwe-30ppm.

Ngoko ke, i-dioxane kwi-shampoo ayifuni ukukhathazeka ngomhlaza.Ngokuphathelele ulwazi olungelulo kumajelo eendaba, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba kukufumana ingqalelo.