Uluhlu lwesicelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide
Uluhlu lwesicelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide
IYangzhou Everbright Chemical Co.LTD.
Ithebhulethi yesoda ebangela ukungcola luhlobo lwesoda ebangela ukungcola, ibizwa ngokuba yi-sodium hydroxide, yi-alkali enyibilikayo, irhabaxa kakhulu, ingasetyenziswa njenge-asidi neutralizer, kunye ne-arhente yokufihla, i-arhente yokukhupha ukungcola, i-arhente yokufihla ukungcola, i-arhente yombala, i-arhente ye-saponification, i-arhente yokukhupha ukungcola, isepha, njl.
Iindlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kweepilisi ze-caustic soda zishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1, ukwenza amaphepha:
Izinto zokwenza iphepha zizityalo zomthi okanye zengca, ezi zityalo ukongeza kwi-cellulose, kodwa zikwaqulethe isixa esikhulu se-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njl.njl.). I-Flake alkali isetyenziselwa ukwahlulahlula, kwaye i-fiber inokufumaneka kuphela ngokususa i-lignin emthini. Icandelo elingeyo-cellulose linokuchithwa ngokongeza isisombululo se-dilute caustic soda, ukuze i-cellulose ibe yinxalenye ephambili ye-pulp ilungiswe.
2, ipetroliyam ecociweyo:
Emva kokuba iimveliso zepetroleum zihlanjwe nge-sulfuric acid, ezinye izinto ezine-asidi kufuneka zihlanjwe ngesisombululo se-alkali yethebhulethi, emva koko zihlanjwe ukuze kufunyanwe iimveliso ezicociweyo.
3. Ilaphu:
Amalaphu ekotoni kunye nelinen aphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) esiqinileyo ukuphucula iipropati zefayibha. Iifayibha zokwenziwa ezifana nekotoni yokwenziwa, uboya bokwenziwa, i-rayon, njl.njl., ikakhulu ziifayibha ze-viscose, zenziwe nge-cellulose (njenge-pulp), i-caustic soda, i-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto eziluhlaza, ezenziwe nge-viscose, ngokujikelezisa, kunye nokufuma.
4, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya:
Ilaphu lekotoni elinonyango lwesisombululo se-alkaline, linokususwa ligqunywe yi-wax, igrisi, istatshi kunye nezinye izinto, ngelixa linyusa umbala we-mercerization welaphu, ukuze ukudaya kufane ngakumbi.
5, ukwenza isepha:
Eyona nto iphambili yesepha yityuwa yesodiyam yee-fatty acids eziphambili, ezidla ngokwenziwa ngee-oyile kunye neetablethi ze-alkali njengezinto eziluhlaza ngokusebenzisa i-saponification reaction. Ukongeza kwiityuwa ze-fatty acid eziphezulu, isepha ikwanayo ne-rosin, iglasi yamanzi, iziqholo, iidayi kunye nezinye izinto zokuzalisa. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-fatty acid sodium ephezulu iqulethe inxalenye ye-hydrophobic engeyiyo i-polar (iqela le-hydrocarbon) kunye nenxalenye ye-polar hydrophilic (iqela le-carboxyl). Iqela le-hydrophobic lineempawu ze-oleophilic. Ngexesha lokuhlamba, igrisi eluthulini iyaxutywa kwaye isasazwe ibe ngamaconsi amancinci eoyile, kwaye emva kokudibana nesepha, iqela le-hydrophobic (iqela le-hydrocarbon) lee-molecule ze-fatty acid sodium eziphezulu lifakwa kumaconsi eoyile, kwaye iimolekyuli yeoyile zidityaniswa ngamandla e-van der Waals. Iqela le-hydrophilic (iqela le-carboxyl), elinyibilika lula emanzini, landiswa ngaphandle kwethontsi yeoyile kwaye lifakwe emanzini. Isithako esiphambili sesepha yiNaOH, kodwa iNaOH ayisiyo isepha. Isisombululo sayo samanzi sinamafutha kwaye singasetyenziswa njengesepha. Isepha yi-emulsifier. Umgaqo yi-saponification reaction CH3CO0CH2CH3+NaOH=CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH, kwaye i-CH3COONa sisithako esisebenzayo kwisepha.
6, ishishini leekhemikhali:
Ukwenza isinyithi se-sodium, amanzi e-electrolytic kusetyenziselwa iipilisi ze-alkali. Ukuveliswa kweetyuwa ezininzi ezingaphiliyo, ingakumbi ukulungiswa kwezinye iityuwa ze-sodium (ezifana ne-borax, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium dichromate, i-sodium sulfite, njl.njl.) zisetyenziswa kwi-tablet alkali. Ikwasetyenziswa ekuhlanganiseni iidayi, amayeza kunye nezinto eziphilayo.
7, ishishini lesinyithi:
rhoqo ukuguqula icandelo elisebenzayo le-ore libe yityuwa yesodiyam enyibilikayo, ukuze kususwe ukungcola okunganyibilikiyo, ngoko ke, kufuneka kongezwe iipilisi ze-alkali. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-aluminium, kusetyenziswa ukulungiswa kwe-cryolite kunye nonyango lwe-bauxite.
8, ukusetyenziswa kwekalika ukuphucula umhlaba:
emhlabeni, kuba izinto eziphilayo kwinkqubo yokubola ziya kuvelisa ii-asidi ze-organic, ukuguquka kweeminerali nako kunokuvelisa izinto ezine-asidi. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ezingezizo ze-organic ezifana ne-ammonium sulfate, i-ammonium chloride, njl.njl., kuya kwenza umhlaba ube ne-asidi. Ukusebenzisa isixa esifanelekileyo selayimu kunokunciphisa i-asidi emhlabeni, kwenze umhlaba ulungele ukukhula kwezityalo, kwaye kukhuthaze ukwanda kwee-microorganisms. Emva kokwanda kwe-Ca2+ emhlabeni, kunokukhuthaza ukufuma kwe-colloid yomhlaba, okunceda ukwakheka kwee-aggregates, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kunokubonelela nge-calcin efunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo.
9. Imveliso ye-Alumina:
Isisombululo seNaOH siyafudunyezwa ukuze sinyibilikise i-alumina kwi-bauxite size sifumane i-sodium aluminisisombululo esityebileyo. Emva kokuba isisombululo sahlulwe kwintsalela (udaka olubomvu), ubushushu buyancitshiswa, i-aluminium hydroxide yongezwa njengembewu yekristale, emva kwexesha elide ixutywa, i-sodium aluminate iyabola ibe yi-aluminium hydroxide, ihlanjwe, ize i-calcined kwi-950 ~ 1200℃, i-aluminium oxide egqityiweyo ifunyanwa. Isisombululo emva kokuna kwe-aluminium hydroxide sibizwa ngokuba yi-mother liquor, esikhutshwa siphele kwaye sixutywe kwaye siphinde sisetyenziswe. Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zekristale ze-diaspore, i-diaspore kunye ne-diaspore, ukunyibilika kwazo kwisisombululo se-caustic soda kwahlukile kakhulu, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika, ikakhulu amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo okunyibilika. I-bauxite yohlobo lwe-diaspore inokunyibilika kwi-125 ~ 140C, kwaye i-bauxite yohlobo lwe-diaspore inokunyibilika kwi-240 ~ 260℃ kunye nokongezwa kwelayisi (3 ~ 7%).
10, izinto zodongwe:
I-caustic soda kwindima yokuvelisa i-ceramic inamanqaku amabini: okokuqala, kwinkqubo yokudubula i-ceramics, i-caustic soda njenge-diluent. Okwesibini, umphezulu we-ceramic evuthayo uya kukrweleka okanye ube rhabaxa kakhulu, kwaye emva kokucoca ngesisombululo se-caustic soda, umphezulu we-ceramic uya kuba bushelelezi.
11, ukubulala iintsholongwane:
ukuguquka kweprotheyini yentsholongwane. Ezi zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukucoca nokubulala iintsholongwane kwiibhotile kwishishini lewayini.
12, ukongeza kumanzi amdaka:
i-sodium oxide enamandla yokulungisa ixabiso le-ph, unyango lwelindle, ukuze izixhobo ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
13, amalungiselelo eekhemikhali, izongezo zoshishino:
I-alkali yethebhulethi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lamayeza ukwenza izisombululo zibe ze-alkali okanye zilungelelanise ixabiso le-pH yezisombululo zamayeza.
14, i-electroplating, i-tungsten refilling.：
Iipilisi ze-alkali kwi-metal plating njengesisombululo se-electroplating, zidlala indima yomqhubi!
15, velisa isilika, velisa umqhaphu we-rayon.
16. Ishishini lesikhumba (Ukwaziswa kokusetyenziswa okubini kweepilisi ze-alkali):
(1) Kwinkqubo yokuphinda usebenzise ulwelo lomlotha wenkunkuma yesikhumba, faka isisombululo samanzi se-sodium sulfide uze wongeze kwinkqubo yokwandisa ekhoyo.
Phakathi kwamanyathelo amabini okumanzisa umgubo welayimu, ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo se-30% yesodium hydroxide enobunzima obuyi-0.3-0.5% kuyandiswa ukuze kwenziwe ifayibha yesikhumba yande ngokupheleleyo ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo kwaye iphucule umgangatho weemveliso ezigqityiweyo.
(2) Njengesixhobo sokucoca amanzi esibizwa ngokuba yi-alkaline medium kunye ne-neutralizer, yongeza amanzi kwi-reactor, uze uwafudumeze ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90 ° C ngomphunga, uvuselele ngelixa ufaka i-polyvinyl alcohol, uze uwapholise ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80 ° C emva kokuba i-polyvinyl alcohol inyibilike ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokuxubha, yongeza i-hydrochloric acid kwi-trickle, qhubeka uvuselela imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30, uze wongeze inani lefomyula yamanzi e-formaldehyde. Yigcine ishushu kwi-78 ~ 80 ℃, yivumele ukuba iphendule imizuzu engama-40 ~ 50, yongeza isisombululo se-10% sodium hydroxide esicwangcisiweyo sokuthomalalisa, uyipholise ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 ~ 70 ℃, uze wongeze ifomyula ye-urea yonyango lwe-amino, uze uhluze isisombululo seglue nge-warn net ukuze isetyenziswe ngokusisigxina.
17, imboni yeekhemikhali ye-polyester:
isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-formic acid, i-oxalic acid, i-borax, i-phenol, i-sodium cyanide kunye nesepha, ii-synthetic fatty acids, isepha yokwenziwa, njl.
18, ushicilelo lwelaphu kunye noshishino lokudaya:
isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokususa usayizi wekotoni, i-arhente yokubilisa, i-arhente ye-mercerizing kunye nedayi yokunciphisa, i-Haichang blue dye solvent.
19, imboni yokunyibilikisa:
isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-aluminium hydroxide, i-aluminium oxide kunye ne-arhente yonyango lomphezulu wesinyithi.
20, imboni yezixhobo,:
isetyenziswa njenge-asidi neutralizer, i-arhente yokususa umbala, i-arhente yokususa ivumba.
21, imboni ye-glue:
isetyenziswa njenge-starch gelatizer, i-neutralizer.
22, ukuvelisa i-phosphate, ukuvelisa i-manganate.
23. Ukuhlaziywa kwerabha endala.
24, ingasetyenziswa njenge-citrus, i-peach peeling agent kunye ne-decolorizing agent, i-deodorant.
25, iipilisi zealkali zikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni izibulali-zinambuzane.