Isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwe-PAC kunyango lwamanzi lwesityalo samandla obushushu

1. Unyango lwamanzi okuthambisa ngaphambi kokuba anyangwe

Amanzi endalo adla ngokuba nodaka, udongwe, i-humus kunye nezinye izinto ezixhonyiweyo kunye nokungcola kwe-colloidal kunye neebhaktiriya, ifungi, i-algae, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane, zinozinzo oluthile emanzini, yeyona nto iphambili yokudumba kwamanzi, umbala kunye nevumba. Ezi zinto zininzi ze-organic zingena kwi-ion exchanger, zingcolise i-resin, zinciphise amandla okutshintshiselana kwe-resin, kwaye zichaphazele nomgangatho wokungcola kwenkqubo yokususa ityuwa. Unyango lokuxinana, ukucaciswa kokuhlala kunye nonyango lokucoca kukususa ezi zinto zingcolileyo njengenjongo ephambili, ukuze umxholo wezinto ezixhonyiweyo emanzini uncitshiswe ube ngaphantsi kwe-5mg/L, oko kukuthi, ukufumana amanzi acacisiweyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kunyango lwangaphambi konyango. Emva konyango lwangaphambi konyango, amanzi angasetyenziswa njengamanzi ebhoyila kuphela xa iityuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo emanzini zisuswa ngotshintsho lwe-ion kwaye iigesi ezinyibilikisiweyo emanzini zisuswa ngokufudumeza okanye ngokufutha okanye ngokuvuthela. Ukuba ezi zinto zingcolileyo azisuswanga kuqala, unyango olulandelayo (ukususa ityuwa) alunakwenziwa. Ke ngoko, unyango lokuxinana kwamanzi lukhonkco olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yonyango lwamanzi.

Inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwesityalo samandla obushushu yile ilandelayo: amanzi aluhlaza → ukujiya → ukuna kwemvula kunye nokucacisa → ukuhluza. Izinto ezijiyayo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokujiya yi-polyaluminum chloride, i-polyferric sulfate, i-aluminium sulfate, i-ferric trichloride, njl. Ezi zilandelayo zizisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyaluminum chloride.

I-Polyaluminum chloride, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PAC, isekelwe kwi-aluminium ash okanye iiminerali ze-aluminiyam njengezinto eziluhlaza, kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluthile olune-alkali kunye ne-aluminiyam reaction eveliswa yi-polymer, izinto eziluhlaza kunye nenkqubo yemveliso yahlukile, iinkcukacha zemveliso azifani. Ifomula ye-molecular ye-PAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, apho u-n unokuba yi-integer ephakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-5, kwaye u-m yi-integer yeqela le-10. I-PAC iza kwiifom eziqinileyo kunye nezolwelo.

2. Indlela yokujiya

Kukho iziphumo ezintathu eziphambili ze-coagulants kwi-colloidal particles emanzini: ukunganyamezeli kombane, ukubhida kwe-adsorption kunye nokutshayelela. Yeyiphi kwezi ziphumo zintathu eyona iphambili ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nomthamo we-coagulant, uhlobo kunye nomxholo wee-colloidal particles emanzini, kunye nexabiso le-pH yamanzi. Indlela yokusebenza kwe-polyaluminum chloride ifana neye-aluminium sulfate, kwaye ukuziphatha kwe-aluminium sulfate emanzini kubhekisa kwinkqubo ye-Al3+ evelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hydrolyzed.

I-Polyaluminum chloride ingathathwa njengeemveliso ezahlukeneyo eziphakathi kwinkqubo ye-hydrolysis kunye ne-polymerization ye-aluminium chloride kwi-Al(OH)3 phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ifumaneka ngqo emanzini ngendlela yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-polymeric kunye ne-A1(OH)a(s), ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-Al3+.

3. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nefuthe lazo

1. Ubushushu bamanzi

Ubushushu bamanzi bunempembelelo ecacileyo kwisiphumo sonyango lokuxinana kwamanzi. Xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi, i-hydrolysis ye-coagulant iba nzima ngakumbi, ingakumbi xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi kune-5℃, izinga le-hydrolysis licotha, kwaye i-flocculant eyenziweyo inesakhiwo esikhululekileyo, umxholo wamanzi ophezulu kunye namasuntswana amancinci. Xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi, ukunyibilika kwamasuntswana e-colloidal kuyaphucuka, ixesha le-flocculation lide, kwaye izinga le-sedimentation licotha. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ubushushu bamanzi obuyi-25~30℃ bufanelekile ngakumbi.

2. Ixabiso le-pH yamanzi

Inkqubo ye-hydrolysis ye-polyaluminum chloride yinkqubo yokukhululwa okuqhubekayo kwe-H+. Ke ngoko, phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ze-pH, kuya kubakho ii-intermediates ezahlukeneyo ze-hydrolysis, kwaye ixabiso le-pH elingcono kakhulu lonyango lwe-polyaluminum chloride coagulation ngokubanzi liphakathi kwe-6.5 kunye ne-7.5. Isiphumo se-coagulation siphezulu ngeli xesha.

3. Umlinganiselo we-coagulant

Xa ubungakanani be-coagulant eyongeziweyo bunganelanga, i-turbidity eseleyo emanzini akhutshwayo iba nkulu. Xa ubungakanani bukhulu kakhulu, kuba amasuntswana e-colloidal emanzini afunxa i-coagulant egqithisileyo, ipropathi yetshaja yamasuntswana e-colloidal iyatshintsha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-turbidity eseleyo kwi-dfluent inyuke kwakhona. Inkqubo ye-coagulation ayisiyonto ilula yekhemikhali, ngoko ke idosi efunekayo ayinakumiselwa ngokwendlela yokubala, kodwa kufuneka imiselwe ngokwendlela ethile yomgangatho wamanzi ukuze kumiselwe idosi efanelekileyo; Xa umgangatho wamanzi utshintsha ngokwexesha lonyaka, idosi kufuneka ilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo.

4. Indlela yoqhagamshelwano

Kwinkqubo yonyango lokujiya okanye olunye unyango lwemvula, ukuba kukho ubungakanani obuthile bomaleko wodaka emanzini, isiphumo sonyango lokujiya singaphuculwa kakhulu. Ingabonelela ngendawo enkulu yomphezulu, ngokusebenzisa ukufunxa, i-catalysis kunye ne-crystallization core, iphucula isiphumo sonyango lokujiya.

Ukuhlanjwa kwamanzi ngendlela ye-coagulation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokunyanga amanzi okwangoku. Ishishini le-polyaluminum chloride lisetyenziswa njenge-flocculant yonyango lwamanzi, ene-coagulant esebenza kakuhle, i-floc enkulu, idosi encinci, ukusebenza kakuhle, imvula ekhawulezayo, uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iingenelo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-flocculant yendabuko inokunciphisa nge-1/3 ~ 1/2, iindleko zinokongiwa ngama-40%. Xa idibene nokusebenza kwesihluzi esingenavalvu kunye nesihluzi sekhabhoni esisebenzayo, ukudumba kwamanzi aluhlaza kuncitshiswa kakhulu, umgangatho wokungcola kwenkqubo ye-desalt uphucukile, kwaye amandla okutshintshiselana kwe-resin ye-desalt nawo ayanda, kwaye iindleko zokusebenza ziyancitshiswa.