Imichiza kunye nenkqubo yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen emanzini

1.Yintoni i-ammonia nitrogen?

I-ammonia nitrogen ibhekisa kwi-ammonia ngendlela yeammonia yasimahla (okanye i-non-ionic ammonia, NH3) okanye i-ionic ammonia (NH4+).I-pH ephezulu kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu we-ammonia yamahhala;Ngokuchasene noko, umlinganiselo wetyuwa yeammonium uphezulu.

I-ammonia nitrogen sisokha mzimba esisemanzini, esinokukhokelela kwi-eutrophication yamanzi, kwaye yeyona nto idla i-oksijini engcolisa amanzi, eyityhefu kwiintlanzi nakwezinye izinto eziphila emanzini.

Esona siphumo siyingozi se-ammonia nitrogen kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini yi-ammonia yasimahla, enetyhefu ngokuphindwe kaninzi kuneyo yetyuwa ye-ammonium, kwaye iyanda ngokunyuka kwealkalinity.I-ammonia nitrogen ubutyhefu inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nexabiso le-pH kunye nobushushu bamanzi echibini lamanzi, ngokubanzi, ixabiso eliphezulu le-pH kunye nobushushu bamanzi, i-toxicity inamandla.

Iindlela ezimbini eziqikelelwayo zobuntununtunu zemibala eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ukumisela i-ammonia yi-classical Nessler reagent method kunye ne-phenol-hypochlorite method.I-Titration kunye neendlela zombane zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukumisela i-ammonia;Xa isiqulatho se ammonia nitrogen siphezulu, indlela yedistillation titration ingasetyenziswa nayo.(Imigangatho yesizwe iquka indlela ye-reagent ka-Nath, i-salicylic acid spectrophotometry, i-distillation-titration method)

2.Physical kunye neekhemikhali nitrogen ukususwa inkqubo

① Indlela yokuna kwekhemikhali

Indlela yokugutyungelwa kweekhemikhali, ekwaziwa ngokuba yindlela ye-MAP yemvula, kukongeza i-magnesium kunye ne-phosphoric acid okanye i-hydrogen phosphate kumanzi amdaka aqulathe i-ammonia nitrogen, ukuze i-NH4+ emanzini amdaka isebenze kunye ne-Mg+ kunye ne-PO4- kwisisombululo esinamanzi sokuvelisa i-ammonium magnesium phosphate precipitation. , i-molecular formula yi-MgNH4P04.6H20, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen.I-Magnesium ammonium phosphate, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-struvite, ingasetyenziswa njenge-compost, into edibanisa umhlaba okanye i-fire retardant ekwakheni iimveliso zesakhiwo.I-reaction equation imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04

Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umphumo wokonyango lwe-chemical precipitation yixabiso le-pH, ubushushu, i-ammonia nitrogen concentration kunye ne-molar ratio (n (Mg +) : n (NH4 +) : n (P04-)).Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-10 kunye ne-molar ratio ye-magnesium, i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus yi-1.2: 1: 1.2, umphumo wonyango ungcono.

Ukusebenzisa i-magnesium chloride kunye ne-disodium hydrogen phosphate njenge-precipitating agents, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umphumo wonyango ungcono xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-9.5 kunye ne-molar ratio ye-magnesium, i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus yi-1.2: 1: 1.

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 ingaphezulu kunezinye iindibaniselwano ze-ejenti ezimanzi.Xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-10.0, iqondo lobushushu liyi-30℃, n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)= 1:1:1, ukuxinwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka emva kokuxutywa kwe-30min kuyancitshiswa. ukusuka kwi-222mg / L ngaphambi kokuba unyango lufike kwi-17mg / L, kwaye izinga lokususa liyi-92.3%.

Indlela yemvula yeekhemikhali kunye nendlela yolwelo inwebu zadityaniswa kunyango loxinaniso oluphezulu lwemizi-mveliso ammonia nitrogen amanzi amdaka.Phantsi kweemeko zokulungiswa kwenkqubo yemvula, izinga lokususa i-ammonia nitrogen lifikelele kwi-98.1%, kwaye emva koko unyango olongezelelweyo ngendlela yefilimu yolwelo lwanciphisa ugxininiso lwe-ammonia nitrogen ukuya kwi-0.005g/L, ukufikelela kumgangatho wesizwe wokukhupha udidi lokuqala.

Impembelelo yokususwa kwee-ion zetsimbi ze-divalent (Ni +, Mn +, Zn +, Cu +, Fe +) ngaphandle kwe-Mg + kwi-ammonia nitrogen phantsi kwesenzo se-phosphate yaphandwa.Inkqubo entsha ye-CaSO4 precipitation-MAP yemvula iye yandululwa kumanzi amdaka e-ammonium sulfate.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umlawuli we-NaOH wendabuko unokutshintshwa ngekalika.

Inzuzo yendlela ye-chemical precipitation kukuba xa i-concentration ye-ammonia nitrogen yamanzi amdaka iphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela kulinganiselwe, njenge-biological method, i-break point chlorination method, indlela yokwahlula inwebu, indlela yokutshintshiselana ion, njl. Indlela yemvula yeekhemikhali ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwangaphambili.Ukususwa kokusebenza kwendlela yokunciphisa imichiza kungcono, kwaye akukhawulelwanga ngubushushu, kwaye ukusebenza kulula.Udaka olumanzi oluqulethe i-magnesium ammonium phosphate lunokusetyenziswa njengesichumiso esiyintlanganisela ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma, ngaloo ndlela kuhlawulelwe inxalenye yeendleko;Ukuba inokudityaniswa namanye amashishini amashishini avelisa amanzi amdaka e-phosphate kunye namashishini avelisa ityuwa enetyuwa, inokonga iindleko zamayeza kwaye iququzelele ukusetyenziswa komthamo omkhulu.

Ukungalungi kwendlela yokunciphisa imichiza kukuba ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwemveliso ye-solubility ye-ammonium magnesium phosphate, emva kokuba i-nitrogen ye-ammonia emanzini amdaka ifikelele kugxininiso oluthile, umphumo wokususa awubonakali kwaye iindleko zegalelo zanda kakhulu.Ngoko ke, indlela yokuxinana kweekhemikhali kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo nezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunyango oluphezulu.Isixa se-reagent esetyenzisiweyo sikhulu, i-sludge eveliswayo inkulu, kwaye iindleko zokunyanga ziphezulu.Ukuqaliswa kwee-ion ze-chloride kunye ne-phosphorus eseleyo ngexesha le-dosing yeekhemikhali kunokubangela lula ukungcoliseka kwesibini.

Umvelisi kunye noMboneleli weAluminiyam yeAluminiyam |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)

Ihoyili yeDibasic Sodium Phosphate Manufacturer kunye noMboneleli |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)

②indlela yokuvula

Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngokuvuthela indlela kukulungelelanisa ixabiso le-pH kwi-alkaline, ukuze i-ion ye-ammonia emanzini amdaka iguqulelwe kwi-ammonia, ukuze ibe khona ngokukodwa kwi-ammonia yamahhala, kwaye ke i-ammonia yamahhala ikhutshwe. yamanzi amdaka ngerhasi yothutho, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen.Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvuthela zixabiso le-pH, ubushushu, umlinganiselo wegesi-ulwelo, izinga lokuhamba kwegesi, ukugxininiswa kokuqala njalo njalo.Okwangoku, indlela yokuvuthela isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi amdaka anoxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-ammonia nitrogen.

Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ngendlela yokuvuthela kwaphononongwa.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba izinto eziphambili ezilawula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-blow-off yayiyiqondo lokushisa, i-gas-liquid ratio kunye nexabiso le-pH.Xa ubushushu bamanzi bungaphezu kwama-2590, umlinganiselo werhasi-ulwelo umalunga ne-3500, kwaye i-pH imalunga ne-10.5, izinga lokususa linokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90% ye-leachate yokulahla inkunkuma ene-ammonia nitrogen concentration ukuya kutsho kwi-2000-4000mg/ L.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa i-pH = 11.5, iqondo lokushisa liyi-80cC kwaye ixesha lokuhluthwa yi-120min, izinga lokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka lingafikelela kwi-99.2%.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvuthuza kwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen aye aqhutywa yinqaba yokuvuthela.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvuthela kunyukile ngokunyuka kwexabiso le-pH.Okukhona mkhulu umlinganiselo werhasi-ulwelo, kokukhona amandla okuqhuba i-ammonia ehlutha ugqithiso lobunzima, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhlubula kuyanda.

Ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngendlela yokuvuthela kuyasebenza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye kulula ukuyilawula.I-nitrogen ye-ammonia evuthelweyo ingasetyenziswa njengento yokufunxa nge-asidi ye-sulfuric, kwaye imali ye-asidi ye-sulfuric eyenziweyo ingasetyenziswa njengesichumisi.Indlela yokuvuthela bubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekususweni kwenitrogen ngokwasemzimbeni nakwimichiza ngoku.Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuvuthela inezinto ezingalunganga, ezifana nokunyuka rhoqo kwinqaba yokuvuthela, ukukhutshwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ephantsi kubushushu obuphantsi, kunye nongcoliseko lwesibini olubangelwa yigesi yokuvuthela.Indlela yokuvuthela idityaniswe ngokubanzi kunye nezinye iindlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen ukucocwa amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen.

③Ukwaphulwa kwekhloriji

Indlela yokususa i-ammonia nge-break point chlorination kukuba igesi yeklorini idibana ne-ammonia ukuvelisa igesi yenitrogen engenabungozi, kwaye i-N2 ibalekela emoyeni, isenza umthombo wokusabela uqhubeke ngasekunene.Indlela yokusabela yile:

HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Xa igesi ye-chlorine idluliselwa kumanzi amdaka ukuya kwindawo ethile, umxholo we-chlorine yamahhala emanzini uphantsi, kwaye i-concentration ye-ammonia i-zero.Xa isixa segesi ye-chlorine sidlula iphuzu, inani le-chlorine yamahhala emanzini liya kwanda, ngoko ke, inqaku libizwa ngokuba yi-break point, kwaye i-chlorination kule meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-break point chlorination.

Indlela yokuqhawula i-chlorination isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka okomba emva kokuvuthela i-ammonia nitrogen, kwaye umphumo wonyango uchatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo yinkqubo yokuvuthela i-ammonia nitrogen.Xa i-70% ye-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka isusiwe ngokuvuthela emva koko inyangwe nge-break point chlorination, ubunzima be-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka bungaphantsi kwe-15mg/L.UZhang Shengli et al.wathatha amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen enobunzima obuyi-100mg/L njengento yophando, kwaye iziphumo zophando zibonise ukuba ezona zinto ziphambili kunye neziziisekondari ezichaphazela ukususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen nge-oxidation ye-sodium hypochlorite yayingumlinganiselo wobungakanani beklorine kwi-ammonia nitrogen, ixesha lokuphendula, kunye nexabiso le-pH.

Indlela yekhefu ye-chlorination inokusebenza kakuhle kokususa i-nitrogen, izinga lokususa linokufikelela kwi-100%, kwaye ukuxinwa kwe-ammonia kumanzi amdaka kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kwi-zero.Umphumo uzinzile kwaye awuchaphazeli ukushisa;Izixhobo zotyalo-mali ezincinci, impendulo ekhawulezayo nepheleleyo;Inefuthe lokuvala inzala kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kumzimba wamanzi.Umda wokusetyenziswa kwendlela ye-chlorination ye-break point kukuba ukuxinwa kwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen kungaphantsi kwe-40mg/L, ngoko ke indlela yokuqhawula i-chlorination isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango oluphezulu lwe-ammonia nitrogen yamanzi amdaka.Imfuno yokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo kuphezulu, iindleko zonyango ziphezulu, kwaye imveliso ye-chloramines kunye ne-organic chlorinated iya kubangela ukungcola okwesibini.

④indlela ye-catalytic oxidation

Indlela ye-Catalytic oxidation yisenzo se-catalyst, phantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo, nge-oxidation yomoya, i-organic matter kunye ne-ammonia kwi-sewege inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized kwaye idibaniswe kwizinto ezingenabungozi ezifana ne-CO2, i-N2 kunye ne-H2O, ukufezekisa injongo yokucoca.

Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo we-catalytic oxidation yimpawu ze-catalyst, ubushushu, ixesha lokuphendula, ixabiso le-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen concentration, uxinzelelo, ukunyamezela kunye nokunye.

Inkqubo yokuthotywa kwe-ozonated ammonia nitrogen yaphononongwa.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa ixabiso le-pH linyuka, uhlobo lwe-HO radical ene-oxidation enamandla yaveliswa, kwaye izinga le-oxidation liye lakhawuleza kakhulu.Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-ozone inokukhupha i-ammonia nitrogen kwi-nitrite kunye ne-nitrite kwi-nitrate.I-concentration ye-ammonia nitrogen emanzini iyancipha ngokunyuka kwexesha, kwaye izinga lokususa i-ammonia nitrogen malunga ne-82%.I-CuO-Mn02-Ce02 yasetyenziswa njengento edibanisayo ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba umsebenzi we-oxidation we-catalyst edibeneyo esanda kulungiswa uphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye iimeko zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo ziyi-255℃, 4.2MPa kunye ne-pH=10.8.Kunyango lwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen kunye noxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-1023mg / L, izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen linokufikelela kwi-98% ngaphakathi kwe-150min, ukufikelela kwinqanaba lesibini lesizwe (50mg / L) lokukhupha.

Ukusebenza kwe-catalytic ye-zeolite exhasa i-TiO2 photocatalyst yaphandwa ngokufunda izinga lokuthotywa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kwisisombululo se-sulfuric acid.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-dosage efanelekileyo ye-Ti02 / zeolite photocatalyst yi-1.5g / L kwaye ixesha lokuphendula liyi-4h phantsi kwe-ultraviolet irradiation.Izinga lokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka lingafikelela kuma-98.92%.Isiphumo sokususwa kwentsimbi ephezulu kunye ne-nano-chin dioxide phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwi-phenol kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen yafundwa.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen yi-97.5% xa i-pH = 9.0 isetyenziswe kwisisombululo se-ammonia nitrogen kunye ne-concentration ye-50mg / L, eyi-7.8% kunye ne-22.5% ephezulu kuneyentsimbi ephezulu okanye i-China dioxide kuphela.

Indlela ye-Catalytic oxidation ineenzuzo zokusulungekiswa okuphezulu, inkqubo elula, indawo encinci esezantsi, njl., kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen.Ubunzima besicelo yindlela yokuthintela ukulahleka kwe-catalyst kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-corrosion yezixhobo.

⑤i-electrochemical oxidation indlela

Indlela ye-electrochemical oxidation ibhekisela kwindlela yokususa izinto ezingcolileyo emanzini ngokusebenzisa i-electrooxidation kunye nomsebenzi we-catalytic.Izinto eziphembelelayo kukuxinana kwangoku, izinga lokungena, ixesha lokuphuma kunye nexesha lesisombululo.

I-electrochemical oxidation yamanzi amdaka e-ammonia-nitrogen kwi-circulating flow electrolytic cell yafundwa, apho i-positive i-Ti / Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 yombane womnatha kwaye i-negative yi-network network ye-Ti.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa i-ionconcentration ye-chloride i-400mg / L, i-concentration ye-ammonia nitrogen yokuqala yi-40mg / L, izinga lokuhamba kwe-influent yi-600mL / min, ubuninzi obukhoyo ngu-20mA / cm, kunye nexesha le-electrolytic yi-90min, i-ammonia. izinga lokususa initrogen ngama-99.37%.Ibonisa ukuba i-electrolytic oxidation yamanzi amdaka e-ammonia-nitrogen inethemba elihle lokusetyenziswa.

3. Inkqubo yokususwa kwenitrogen ye-biochemical

① yonke i-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification

Inkqubo epheleleyo ye-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification luhlobo lwendlela yebhayoloji ebisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ixesha elide ngoku.Iguqula i-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka ibe yinitrogen ngothotho lweempendulo ezifana ne-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification phantsi kwentshukumo yee-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.Inkqubo ye-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kufuneka idlule kwizigaba ezibini:

I-nitrification reaction: I-nitrification reaction igqityezelwa yi-aerobic autotrophic microorganisms.Kwimeko ye-aerobic, i-nitrogen ye-inorganic isetyenziswa njengomthombo we-nitrogen ukuguqula i-NH4 + ibe yi-NO2-, kwaye ke i-oxidized ku-NO3-.Inkqubo ye-nitrification inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amabini.Kwinqanaba lesibini, i-nitrite iguqulwa ibe yi-nitrate (NO3-) nge-nitrifying bacteria, kwaye i-nitrite iguqulwa ibe yi-nitrate (NO3-) nge-nitrifying bacteria.

Denitrification reaction: Denitrification reaction yinkqubo apho denitrifying bhaktiriya ukunciphisa nitrite nitrogen kunye nitrate nitrogen ukuba gaseous nitrogen (N2) kwimeko hypoxia.Iibhaktheriya ezichazayo zi-heterotrophic microorganisms, uninzi lwazo ze-amphictic bacteria.Kwimeko ye-hypoxia, basebenzisa i-oksijini kwi-nitrate njenge-electron acceptor kunye ne-organic matter (icandelo le-BOD kwi-sewage) njengomnikeli we-electron ukubonelela amandla kunye ne-oxidized kwaye izinzile.

Iyonke inkqubo ye-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification yobunjineli izicelo ikakhulu ziquka i-AO, i-A2O, umsele we-oxidation, njl., yindlela ekhulile kakhulu esetyenziswa kushishino lokususa i-nitrogen yebhayoloji.

Yonke indlela ye-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification ineenzuzo zempembelelo ezinzile, ukusebenza okulula, akukho ukungcola okwesibini kunye neendleko eziphantsi.Le ndlela nayo inezithintelo ezithile, ezifana nomthombo wekhabhoni kufuneka wongezwe xa umlinganiselo weC / N kumanzi amdaka uphantsi, imfuneko yobushushu ingqongqo, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, indawo inkulu, imfuno yeoksijini. inkulu, kwaye ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezifana ion zentsimbi enzima nefuthe elicinezelayo kwi microorganisms, ekufuneka zisuswe phambi kokuba indlela yebhayoloji yenziwe.Ukongeza, ukuxinana okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka kukwanefuthe elithintelayo kwinkqubo yokufakwa kwe-nitrification.Ngoko ke, unyango lwangaphambili kufuneka luqhutywe phambi kokuba unyango lwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen ekuxinaniseni okuphezulu ukuze ukuxinana kwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen angaphantsi kwe-500mg/L.Indlela yebhayoloji yemveli ifanelekile kunyango loxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-ammonia nitrogen amanzi amdaka aqukethe izinto eziphilayo, ezifana nogutyulo lwasekhaya, amanzi amdaka ekhemikhali, njl.

②I-nitrification ngaxeshanye kunye ne-denitrification (SND)

Xa i-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification ziqhutyelwa kunye kwi-reactor efanayo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-digestion denitrification (SND).Ioksijini enyityilisiweyo kumanzi amdaka inqanyulwe ngumyinge wokusasazwa kweoksijini ukuvelisa inyibiliko yeoksijini kwindawo yendalo encinci kwi-microbial floc okanye i-biofilm, eyenza ukunyibilika kweoksijini kumphezulu ongaphandle we-microbial floc okanye i-biofilm incede ukukhula kunye nokusasaza. yebhaktiriya ye-aerobic nitrifying kunye ne-ammoniating bacteria.Ngokunzulu kwifloc okanye inwebu, kokukhona kusezantsi ukuxinana kweoksijini enyibilikileyo, okukhokelela kwindawo ye-anoxic apho iibhaktheriya eziphikisayo zilawula.Ngaloo ndlela kuqulunqa inkqubo yokugaya kunye ne-denitrification ngaxeshanye.Izinto ezichaphazela ukugaya kunye ne-denitrification ngaxeshanye ixabiso le-PH, ubushushu, i-alkalinity, umthombo we-carbon carbon, i-oksijeni enyibilikisiweyo kunye nobudala be-sludge.

I-nitrification / denitrification ngexesha elinye yayikhona kwi-Carrousel oxidation ditch, kwaye ukuxinwa kwe-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo phakathi kwe-aerated impeller kwi-Carrousel oxidation ditch yehla ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwindawo engezantsi ye-Carrousel oxidation ditch yayingaphantsi kuneyona ndawo ephezulu. .Ukubunjwa kunye namazinga okusetyenziswa kwe-nitrojeni ye-nitrate kwindawo nganye yejelo iphantse ilingane, kwaye ukuxinwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kwijelo kuhlala kuphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukuphendulwa kwe-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification kwenzeka ngaxeshanye kwijelo le-Carrousel oxidation.

Uphononongo olungonyango lwamanzi amdaka asekhaya lubonisa ukuba ngokukhona iphezulu i-CODCr, kokukhona i-denitrification igqibelele kwaye kokukhona ukususwa kwe-TN kubhetele.Impembelelo yeoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwi-nitrification ngaxeshanye kunye ne-denitrification inkulu.Xa i-oksijeni echithwe ilawulwa kwi-0.5 ~ 2mg / L, isiphumo esipheleleyo sokususwa kwe-nitrogen silungile.Ngelo xesha, indlela ye-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification igcina i-reactor, iyancipha ixesha lokuphendula, isebenzise amandla aphantsi, igcina utyalo-mali, kwaye kulula ukugcina ixabiso le-pH lizinzile.

③Uluhlu olufutshane lokwetyisa kunye ne-denitrification

Kwi-reactor efanayo, i-ammonia oxidizing bacteria isetyenziselwa i-oxidize i-ammonia kwi-nitrite phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic, kwaye i-nitrite inqatshelwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuvelisa i-nitrogen kunye ne-organic matter okanye umthombo wangaphandle wekhabhoni njengomnikeli we-electron phantsi kweemeko ze-hypoxia.Iimpembelelo ze-nitrification ezifutshane kunye ne-denitrification zibushushu, i-ammonia yamahhala, ixabiso le-pH kunye ne-oksijini enyibilikileyo.

Ifuthe lobushushu kuluhlu olufutshane lwe-nitrification yamanzi amdaka kamasipala ngaphandle kwamanzi olwandle kunye nelindle likamasipala elinamanzi angama-30% olwandle.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba: kumanzi amdaka kamasipala ngaphandle kwamanzi olwandle, ukonyusa amaqondo obushushu kunceda ukuphumeza i-nitrification yoluhlu olufutshane.Xa umlinganiselo wamanzi olwandle kugutyulo lwasekhaya ungama-30%, i-nitrification yoluhlu olufutshane inokufezekiswa ngcono phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphakathi.IYunivesithi yaseDelft yeTekhnoloji iphuhlise inkqubo ye-SHARON, ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu (malunga ne-30-4090) kukulungele ukwanda kwebhaktheriya ye-nitrite, ukuze ibhaktheriya ye-nitrite ilahlekelwe ukhuphiswano, ngelixa ngokulawula iminyaka ye-sludge ukuphelisa ibhaktheriya ye-nitrite, ngoko ke. ukuba ukusabela kwe-nitrification kwinqanaba le-nitrite.

Ngokusekelwe kumahluko wobudlelwane be-oksijini phakathi kwebhaktheriya ye-nitrite kunye neebhaktheriya ze-nitrite, i-Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratory iphuhlise inkqubo ye-OLAND ukufezekisa ukuqokelelwa kwe-nitrite nitrogen ngokulawula i-oksijeni echithwe ukuphelisa ibhaktheriya ye-nitrite.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lolingo lonyango lokucokisa amanzi amdaka ngoluhlu olufutshane lwe-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification zibonisa ukuba xa i-COD enempembelelo, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-TN kunye ne-phenol concentrations yi-1201.6,510.4,540.1 kunye ne-110.4mg / L, i-avareji yamanzi e-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-ammonia , TN kunye ne-phenol concentrations yi-197.1,14.2,181.5 kunye ne-0.4mg / L, ngokulandelanayo.Amazinga okususwa ahambelanayo ayengama-83.6%, 97.2%, 66.4% kunye nama-99.6%, ngokulandelanayo.

Uluhlu olufutshane lwe-nitrification kunye nenkqubo ye-denitrification ayihambi kwinqanaba le-nitrate, ukugcina umthombo wekhabhoni ofunekayo ekususweni kwe-nitrogen yebhayoloji.Ineenzuzo ezithile kumanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi we-C/N.Uluhlu olufutshane lwe-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification luneenzuzo zodaka oluncinci, ixesha lokuphendula elifutshane kunye nokugcina umthamo we-reactor.Nangona kunjalo, i-nitrification efutshane kunye ne-denitrification ifuna ukuqokelelwa okuzinzile kunye nokusisigxina kwe-nitrite, ngoko indlela yokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi weebhaktheriya ze-nitrifying iba ngundoqo.

④ I-Anaerobic ammonia oxidation

I-Anaerobic ammoxidation yinkqubo ye-oxidation ethe ngqo ye-ammonia nitrogen kwi-nitrogen ngebhaktiriya ye-autotrophic phantsi kwemeko ye-hypoxia, kunye ne-nitrous nitrogen okanye i-nitrojeni ye-nitrous njengokwamkela i-electron.

Iimpembelelo zeqondo lokushisa kunye ne-PH kumsebenzi we-biological we-anammoX zafundwa.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba elona qondo lobushushu lisabelayo liyi-30℃ kwaye ixabiso le-pH laliyi-7.8.Ukuba nokwenzeka kwe-anaerobic ammoX reactor ukunyanga ubutyuwa obuphezulu kunye noxinaniso oluphezulu lwamanzi amdaka enitrogen kwaye kwaphononongwa.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ubutyuwa obuphezulu buthintele kakhulu umsebenzi we-anammoX, kwaye oku kuvinjwa kwabuyiselwa umva.Umsebenzi we-ammox we-anaerobic we-sludge engavumelekanga yayingu-67.5% ngaphantsi kunodaka lokulawula phantsi kwetyuwa ye-30g.L-1 (NaC1).Umsebenzi we-anammoX we-sludge acclimated yi-45.1% ephantsi kunolawulo.Xa udaka oluqhelekile lugqithiselwa ukusuka kwindawo enetyuwa eninzi ukuya kwindawo enetyuwa ephantsi (akukho manzi anetyuwa), umsebenzi we-anaerobic ammoX wonyuswe ngama-43.1%.Nangona kunjalo, i-reactor ithanda ukwehla komsebenzi xa ibaleka kwityuwa ephezulu ixesha elide.

Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yebhayoloji yemveli, i-anaerobic ammoX yitekhnoloji yokususwa kwenitrogen yebhayoloji eyongezelelekileyo ngaphandle komthombo wekhabhoni eyongezelelweyo, imfuno yeoksijini ephantsi, akukho mfuneko yeerejenti zokuthoba, kunye nokuveliswa kodaka oluncinci.Ukungalungi kwe-anaerobic ammox kukuba isantya sokusabela siyacotha, umthamo wereactor mkhulu, kwaye umthombo wekhabhoni awuthandeki kwi-anaerobic amMOX, enokubaluleka okubonakalayo ekusombululeni amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen anokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo.

4.ukwahlula kunye nenkqubo yokususa initrogen adsorption

① indlela yokwahlula inwebu

Indlela yokwahlula iMembrane kukusebenzisa i-elective permeability ye-membrane ukukhetha ukwahlula amacandelo kulwelo, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen.Kubandakanya i-osmosis eguqukayo, i-nanofiltration, i-deammoniating membrane kunye ne-electrodialysis.Izinto ezichaphazela ukwahlukana kwe-membrane ziimpawu ze-membrane, uxinzelelo okanye umbane, ixabiso le-pH, ubushushu kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen concentration.

Ngokomgangatho wamanzi wamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen akhutshwa sisinyibilikisi somhlaba esinqabileyo, ulingo olungemva lwe-osmosis lwenziwa nge-NH4C1 kunye ne-NaCI efanisiweyo yamanzi amdaka.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, i-osmosis ye-reverse inezinga eliphezulu lokususa i-NaCI, ngelixa i-NHCl inezinga eliphezulu lokuvelisa amanzi.Izinga lokususwa kwe-NH4C1 yi-77.3% emva konyango lwe-osmosis ebuyela umva, enokusetyenziswa njengokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen.Itekhnoloji yokubuyisela umva i-osmosis inokonga amandla, uzinzo oluhle lwe-thermal, kodwa ukuxhathisa kweklorini, ukumelana nongcoliseko kubi.

Inkqubo yokwahlula inwebu ye-biochemical nanofiltration inwebu yasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-leachate yokulahla inkunkuma, ukuze i-85% ~ 90% yolwelo oluvuvuzayo lukhutshwe ngokomgangatho, kwaye yi-0% ~ 15% kuphela yolwelo oluxutyiweyo kunye nodaka olubuyiselwe kwindawo. itanki yenkunkuma.Ozturki et al.waphatha i-leachate ye-Odayeri eTurkey nge-nanofiltration inwebu, kwaye izinga lokususa i-ammonia nitrogen yayimalunga nama-72%.I-membrane ye-Nanofiltration ifuna uxinzelelo oluphantsi kune-membrane ye-osmosis eguqukayo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Inkqubo ye-ammonia-esusa i-membrane isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi amdaka kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen ephezulu.I-ammonia nitrogen emanzini inomlinganiselo olandelayo: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O esebenzayo, amanzi amdaka ane-ammonia aqukuqela kwiqokobhe lemodyuli yemembrane, kwaye ulwelo olufunxa iasidi luhamba kumbhobho wenwebu. imodyuli.Xa i-PH yamanzi amdaka inyuka okanye iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ukulingana kuya kutshintshela ngasekunene, kwaye i-ammonium ion NH4- iba yigesi yamahhala ye-NH3.Ngeli xesha, i-gaseous NH3 ingangena kwisigaba solwelo lokufunxa iasidi kumbhobho ukusuka kwinqanaba lamanzi amdaka kwiqokobhe ngokusebenzisa i-micropores kumphezulu we-fiber egobileyo, efunxwa sisisombululo se-asidi kwaye ngoko nangoko iba yi-ionic NH4-.Gcina i-PH yamanzi amdaka ngaphezu kwe-10, kunye neqondo lokushisa elingaphezu kwe-35 ° C (ngaphantsi kwe-50 ° C), ukuze i-NH4 kwisigaba samanzi amdaka iqhubeke ibe yi-NH3 ukuya kwisigaba sokufuduka solwelo.Ngenxa yoko, ubuninzi be-ammonia nitrogen kwicala lamanzi amdaka lehla ngokuqhubekayo.Inqanaba lokufunxa i-asidi yolwelo, kuba kukho i-asidi kunye ne-NH4- kuphela, yenza ityuwa ye-ammonium ecocekileyo kakhulu, kwaye ifikelela kugxininiso oluthile emva kokujikeleza okuqhubekayo, okunokuthi kusetyenziswe kwakhona.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetyenziswa kobu buchwepheshe kunokuphucula kakhulu izinga lokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka, kwaye kwelinye icala, inokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ezipheleleyo zenkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka.

②indlela ye-electrodialysis

I-Electrodialysis yindlela yokususa izinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo kwizisombululo ezinamanzi ngokusebenzisa amandla ombane phakathi kwezibini zenwebu.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sombane, ii-ion ze-ammonia kunye nezinye i-ion kumanzi amdaka e-ammonia-nitrogen ziyatyetyiswa nge-membrane kumanzi agxininisiweyo ane-ammonia, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokususwa.

Indlela yokuhlaziya i-electrodialysis yasetyenziswa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka angekhoyo ngoxinaniso oluphezulu lwe-ammonia nitrogen kwaye yafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo.Kwi-2000-3000mg / L yamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen, izinga lokususa i-ammonia nitrogen linokuba ngaphezu kwe-85%, kwaye amanzi agxininisiweyo e-ammonia angafunyanwa nge-8.9%.Isixa sombane esisetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-electrodialysis silingana nesixa se-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka.Unyango lwe-Electrodialysis lwamanzi amdaka alukhawulelwanga ngexabiso le-pH, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye kulula ukusebenza.

Iinzuzo zokuhlukana kwe-membrane kukubuyisela okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen, ukusebenza okulula, umphumo wonyango oluzinzileyo kwaye akukho ngcoliseko yesibini.Nangona kunjalo, kunyango lwamanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen ephezulu, ngaphandle kwe-membrane ene-deammoniated, ezinye ii-membrane zilula ukukala kunye nokuvala, kunye nokuhlaziywa kunye nokuhlanjululwa rhoqo, ukwandisa iindleko zonyango.Ke ngoko, le ndlela ifaneleke ngakumbi kunyango lwangaphambili okanye kwi-low-concentration ye-ammonia nitrogen amanzi amdaka.

③ Indlela yotshintshiselwano ye-ion

Indlela yokutshintshiselana nge-Ion yindlela yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kumanzi amdaka ngokusebenzisa imathiriyeli ene-adsorption eyomeleleyo ekhethiweyo yeeyoni ze-ammonia.Iimathiriyeli ze-adsorption ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-carbon activated, i-zeolite, i-montmorillonite kunye ne-resin yotshintshiselwano.I-Zeolite luhlobo lwe-silico-aluminate kunye nesakhiwo se-spatial-dimensional-dimensional, isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo se-pore kunye nemingxuma, phakathi kwayo i-clinoptilolite ine-adsorption eyomeleleyo yokukhetha i-ion ye-ammonia kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, ngoko ke isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubhengeza amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen. kubunjineli.Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo wonyango we-clinoptilolite ziquka ubungakanani be-particle, i-ammonia nitrogen concentration, ixesha lokudibanisa, ixabiso le-pH kunye nokunye.

Impembelelo ye-adsorption ye-zeolite kwi-ammonia nitrogen ibonakala, ilandelwa yi-ranite, kwaye umphumo womhlaba kunye ne-ceramisite ubi.Indlela ephambili yokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kwi-zeolite yi-ion exchange, kwaye umphumo we-adsorption womzimba uncinci kakhulu.I-ion exchange effect ye-ceramite, umhlaba kunye ne-ranite ifana ne-adsorption effect ebonakalayo.Umthamo we-adsorption we-fillers ezine wehla ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwi-15-35 ℃, kwaye yanda ngokunyuka kwexabiso le-pH kuluhlu lwe-3-9.Ukulingana kwe-adsorption kwafikelelwa emva kwe-6h oscillation.

Ukubanakho kokususa i-ammonia nitrogen kwi-leachate yokulahla inkunkuma nge-zeolite adsorption yaphononongwa.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba igram nganye ye-zeolite ine-adsorption encinci ye-15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, xa ubukhulu be-particle ye-zeolite yi-30-16 mesh, izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen lifikelela kwi-78.5%, kwaye phantsi kwexesha elifanayo le-adsorption, i-dosage kunye Ubungakanani besuntswana le-zeolite, kokukhona iphezulu i-ammonia nitrogen yoxinaniso, kokukhona inyuka izinga le-adsorption, kwaye kuyenzeka ukuba i-zeolite njenge-adsorbent isuse i-ammonia nitrogen kwi-leachate.Kwangaxeshanye, kucaciswa ukuba izinga le-adsorption ye-ammonia nitrogen nge-zeolite liphantsi, kwaye kunzima ukuba i-zeolite ifikelele kumthamo we-saturation adsorption ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo.

Isiphumo sokususa ibhedi ye-zeolite yebhayoloji kwinitrogen, iCOD kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa ilindle elifanisiweyo lelali yaphononongwa.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izinga lokususwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen ngebhedi ye-biological zeolite ingaphezulu kwe-95%, kwaye ukususwa kwe-nitrate nitrogen kuchaphazeleka kakhulu ngexesha lokuhlala kwe-hydraulic.

Indlela yokutshintshiselana nge-ion ineenzuzo zotyalo-mali oluncinci, inkqubo elula, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukungakhathali kwityhefu kunye nobushushu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-zeolite ngokuvuselelwa.Nangona kunjalo, xa uphatha amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen ephezulu, ukuvuselelwa rhoqo, okuzisa ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni, ngoko ke kufuneka kudityaniswe nezinye iindlela zonyango lwe-ammonia nitrogen, okanye kusetyenziswe ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen.

IWholesale 4A uMvelisi kunye noMboneleli weZeolite |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)